Also called lucky cat, beckoning cat, waving cat, fortune cat
A seated cat figure with one paw raised in the Japanese beckoning gesture, set near a door or till to invite customers and money. It began in Edo (Tokyo) and is now found in shops worldwide.
TraditionJapanese folk religion and merchant custom
RegionJapan
EraDocumented from 1852, Edo period
Moon◐ Any moon
DayAny
ElementEarth
Difficulty●○○ Simple
Time15 minutes to place, then kept
Tonight's moon is read when the page loads.
The working
Choose your cat. A raised left paw is said to beckon people and customers, a raised right paw to bring money. White is general good luck, gold wealth, black protection.
Clean the place where it will sit, near the front door, a shop entrance or a cash register, facing the way people come in.
Set the cat down so it looks toward the door, as if calling someone in.
Place a coin beside it if you like and say in your own words what you hope it will draw.
Dust it regularly. Many owners give it a small greeting when they open up for the day.
If it chips or breaks, many families return old figures to a shrine or temple that accepts them, such as Gotoku-ji, rather than throwing them out.
Take care: No hazards. When visiting Gotoku-ji or Imado Shrine, follow shrine etiquette and buy figures from the temple office rather than leaving unofficial items.
Versions across time and place
i
Gotoku-ji's Tama
Setagaya temple legend, Tokyo · Set in the Kan'ei era (1620s), recorded later
Returning from falconry, the lord Ii Naotaka was waved over by the temple cat, stepped inside and escaped a sudden thunderstorm. He became the temple's patron and it became the Ii family temple. Today Gotoku-ji has thousands of white beckoning cats left by visitors whose wishes came true.
Uses: white maneki-neko, often with no coin
Recorded in: Wikipedia, 'Maneki-neko' and 'Gotoku-ji'
ii
The old woman of Imado
Asakusa legend, Edo · Mid 19th century
A poor woman who gave up her cat dreamed it told her to make figures in its likeness. She sold small Imado-ware cats at Asakusa and became prosperous. Imado Shrine now ties the cat to matchmaking, with paired cats for couples.
Uses: Imado-ware clay cat
Recorded in: Wikipedia, 'Maneki-neko'
iii
The courtesan Usugumo
Yoshiwara pleasure-district story · Genroku era (late 1600s), as told later
The cat of the courtesan Usugumo was thought to be bewitching her, but when it was killed its head flew up and killed a snake that threatened her. A grieving customer gave her a carved cat, and copies were sold in Asakusa.
Recorded in: Wikipedia, 'Maneki-neko'
History
Several Tokyo temples and shrines, including Gotoku-ji, Jishoin and Imado Shrine, claim to be the cat's birthplace, and all of their stories are legends. The earliest firm record is from 1852: an entry in the Buko nenpyo, a chronicle of Edo, and a woodblock print by Utagawa Hiroshige showing a stall at Senso-ji in Asakusa selling marushime-neko, cats made of local Imado clay. Those early cats did not yet hold the gold koban coin that most carry today.
The figure spread quickly. An 1876 newspaper mentions it, and an advertisement from 1902 shows it was a common shop item by then. After the Meiji government banned phallic good-luck charms in brothels, the cat is often said to have taken their place, though that link is debated. In the 20th century Chinese and Southeast Asian shops adopted it, which is why many people outside Japan think it is Chinese and why battery-powered waving versions are common.