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Home & Hearth

Sweetening the Kitchen God's Lips

Also called Zao Jun, Zao Shen, Stove God, Ông Táo, Little New Year offering

Before Chinese New Year, families send the Kitchen God back to Heaven to report on the household, first smearing honey or malt candy on his lips so his report will be sweet, then burning his paper image.

TraditionChinese folk religion and Taoism
RegionChina, Taiwan, Chinese diaspora; related customs in Vietnam and Korea
EraHan dynasty origins; living custom
Moon☾ Waning moon
DayAny
ElementFire
Difficulty●○○ Simple
Time20 minutes

Tonight's moon is read when the page loads.

The working

  1. On the 23rd day of the 12th lunar month (the 24th in parts of southern China), clean the kitchen, especially the stove.
  2. Set the old Kitchen God image near the stove with incense, sweets, fruit and tea or rice wine.
  3. Light the incense and thank him for watching over the household during the year.
  4. Dab honey or a little melted malt candy on his lips so that he can only say sweet things to the Jade Emperor, or so his lips stick shut.
  5. Take the image outside and burn it in a fireproof bowl to send him up to Heaven, sometimes with paper horses or a little straw for his mount.
  6. On New Year's Eve, paste up a fresh image above or beside the stove to welcome him back.

Take care: Burn the paper image outside in a fireproof bowl away from anything flammable, and keep water nearby. Honey and candy draw ants; clean up afterward.

Versions across time and place

i

Ông Táo and the carp

Vietnamese Tết · Present day

In Vietnam three kitchen gods, the Táo Quân, leave on the 23rd of the last lunar month riding a carp to Heaven. Families make offerings and release live carp into lakes and rivers to carry them, then welcome them back on Lunar New Year's Eve.

Recorded in: Wikipedia, Ông Táo
ii

The Kitchen God's report

Chinese folk belief · Traditional

Zao Jun's wife is said to write down everything said in the house over the year for his report. The Jade Emperor then rewards or punishes the family accordingly, so the sweetening is both bribe and good-humored family joke.

Recorded in: Wikipedia, Kitchen God
iii

Jowangsin

Korean shamanism · Traditional

In Korean household religion the hearth goddess Jowangsin, honored mainly by the women of the house, is represented by a bowl of fresh water set at the kitchen hearth. Offerings to her ask for safety from fire and blessings on the family's food.

Recorded in: Wikipedia, Jowangsin

History

Zao Jun, the Stove God, is the most important of the Chinese household gods. The most popular story of how a mortal man named Zhang Lang became the Kitchen God is said to date to around the 2nd century BC. Every household traditionally kept his paper image and that of his wife above the kitchen stove, the heart of the home, where they watched the family's conduct. He is less a god of cooking than a moral observer who reports to the Jade Emperor once a year.

The send-off falls on the 23rd or 24th of the last lunar month, often called Little New Year, and begins the New Year season. Sticky malt candy and honey were the sweeteners of choice, and firecrackers were set off as the image burned. The custom survives in Chinese households and in Taiwan, and neighbors have similar rites: Vietnam's Ông Táo rides a carp to Heaven, and Korea has its own hearth goddess.

Sources

  1. Kitchen God · Wikipedia
  2. Ông Táo · Wikipedia
  3. Festival of the Kitchen God · Wikipedia

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