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Home & Hearth

Pomander and Clove Orange

Also called clove orange, pomme d'ambre, clove-studded orange, musk ball

A pomander was a ball of scented paste, often carried in a pierced gold or silver case, that wealthy Europeans held to their noses to ward off disease and bad smells. Today the name usually means an orange studded with cloves and dried for Christmas, a home charm for warmth, welcome and abundance.

TraditionMedieval and Renaissance European perfumery, later English and American Christmas craft
RegionEurope, Britain, North America
Era13th century to present
Moon☽ Waxing moon
DaySunday · Sun
ElementFire
Difficulty●○○ Simple
Time1 hour to make, 2 to 4 weeks to cure

Tonight's moon is read when the page loads.

The working

  1. If you plan to hang it, wrap a ribbon around the orange first to mark a clear band, then remove it.
  2. Use the toothpick to make holes in the peel, then push cloves in. Work in lines or spirals, keeping them close so the peel dries rather than rots.
  3. As you work, think about what you want the pomander to bring into the house, such as warmth, welcome or plenty.
  4. Roll the finished orange in a mix of ground cinnamon and orris root powder.
  5. Leave it in a bowl of the spice mix in a warm, dry, airy place for two to four weeks, turning it every few days until it is hard and light.
  6. Shake off the powder, tie on the ribbon, and hang it by the door, in a wardrobe, or on the Christmas tree.

Take care: Clove oil can irritate skin, so wear gloves if you are sensitive. Keep finished pomanders away from dogs and cats, as citrus peel and essential oils can upset pets. Discard any pomander that grows mold.

Versions across time and place

i

Renaissance pomander paste

Elizabethan English recipe · 1586

Partridge's recipe cooks benzoin, labdanum and storax in rose water, rolls the mass into an apple shape, and coats it with cinnamon, sanders and cloves before adding ambergris, musk and civet. The ball was carried in a perforated case.

Uses: benzoin, labdanum, storax, rose water, cinnamon, cloves, ambergris, musk

Recorded in: John Partridge, The Treasury of Commodious Conceits, and Hidden Secrets (1586)
ii

Cardinal Wolsey's orange

Tudor England · 1520s

Wolsey's gentleman-usher recalled the cardinal holding a hollowed orange to his nose as he passed through crowds of petitioners. It was filled with a sponge soaked in vinegar and other preparations meant to guard against pestilent air.

Uses: orange, sponge, vinegar, spices

Recorded in: George Cavendish, The Life of Cardinal Wolsey (written c. 1554-1558)
iii

Pouncet box and vinaigrette

Late Tudor to Georgian Europe · Late 16th to 18th century

Pierced pouncet boxes held liquid perfume on cotton or sponge, and by the eighteenth century small vinaigrette boxes of scented vinegar replaced the pomander. Hogarth's 1736 print of quack doctors shows them sniffing pomanders built into their cane handles.

Uses: perfume or aromatic vinegar, pierced box

Recorded in: Wikipedia, Pomander

History

The word pomander comes from French pomme d'ambre, apple of amber, after the ambergris that scented the paste. Pomanders appear in writing from the mid-thirteenth century and were fashionable from the late Middle Ages through the seventeenth century. Under the miasma theory, disease was thought to travel through foul air, so a strong sweet scent held to the nose was believed to protect against plague. Surviving pomanders are often jewelled cases with segments for different perfumes.

Ordinary people could not afford ambergris and gold, and a spiced orange offered a cheaper version. The clove orange became an English and American Christmas and New Year gift by the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, valued for scenting linens and keeping moths away. Today it remains one of the easiest seasonal crafts, and in folk magic it serves as a charm for a warm, protected, well-provisioned home.

Sources

  1. Pomander · Wikipedia contributors, 2026
  2. The Life of Cardinal Wolsey · George Cavendish, c. 1558
  3. The Treasury of Commodious Conceits, and Hidden Secrets · John Partridge, 1586

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