Also called arithmancy, Pythagorean numerology, life path number
The practice of turning birth dates and names into single numbers and reading them as clues to character and life themes. Modern Western numerology took shape in early twentieth-century America, borrowing older letter-number systems.
TraditionAmerican New Thought numerology
RegionUnited States and Britain
EraEarly 20th century to present
Moon◐ Any moon
DayAny
ElementAir
Difficulty●○○ Simple
Time15 minutes
Tonight's moon is read when the page loads.
The working
Write your birth date as three parts: month, day and year. For 14 July 1990 that is 7, 14 and 1990.
Reduce each part to a single digit by adding its digits: 7 stays 7, 14 becomes 1 + 4 = 5, and 1990 becomes 1 + 9 + 9 + 0 = 19, then 1 + 9 = 10, then 1 + 0 = 1.
Most numerologists keep 11, 22 and 33 as master numbers and do not reduce them if they appear along the way.
Add the three results together (7 + 5 + 1 = 13) and reduce again (1 + 3 = 4). That final figure is the life path number.
For a name number, give each letter a value from 1 to 9 in order (A, J, S = 1; B, K, T = 2; and so on to I and R = 9), add them up and reduce the same way.
Read the number as a theme, not a verdict: 1 for independence, 2 for partnership, 3 for expression, 4 for steady building, 5 for change, 6 for care, 7 for study, 8 for ambition, 9 for completion.
Write down which parts ring true and which do not, and treat the exercise as a prompt for reflection.
Take care: Numerology is a reflective tool with no scientific support, so never use it to choose medical treatment, judge a partner, or make large money decisions.
Versions across time and place
i
Greek isopsephy and Hebrew gematria
Ancient Greek and Jewish letter-number systems · Antiquity onward
Greek and Hebrew letters doubled as numerals, so every word had a number. Isopsephy compared words with equal totals, and gematria became an interpretive tool in Jewish mysticism. These are the deep roots modern numerology borrows from, though they work with whole words and sacred texts rather than birth dates.
Recorded in: Isopsephy, Wikipedia; Numerology, Wikipedia
ii
Chaldean name numerology
Cheiro's popular system · 1920s
The palmist Cheiro (William John Warner) promoted a system he called Chaldean, in which letters run only from 1 to 8 and 9 is held back as special. It gives different name totals from the modern 1 to 9 method, and his books focused on names, lucky days and compatibility. The link to ancient Chaldea is a label rather than documented history.
Recorded in: Cheiro, Cheiro's Book of Numbers
iii
Balliett's number vibrations
American New Thought · 1905 to 1920s
Mrs L. Dow Balliett of Atlantic City treated numbers as vibrations tied to tones and colors and read them from names and birth dates. She is usually credited with keeping 11 and 22 unreduced as master numbers. Her student Juno Jordan later shaped the method most popular books still teach.
Recorded in: L. Dow Balliett, How to Attain Success Through the Strength of Vibration (1905) and The Philosophy of Numbers (1908)
History
Numerology is often credited to Pythagoras, and his school did hold that numbers underlie the world, but no writing by Pythagoras survives and nothing ties him to birth-date readings. The older roots are letter-number systems such as Greek isopsephy and Hebrew gematria. The English word numerology does not appear in print until about 1907, and the older term arithmancy dates to the 1570s.
The modern method began with Sarah Joanna Dennis, who wrote as Mrs L. Dow Balliett from Atlantic City, New Jersey. Her 1905 pamphlet and her 1908 book The Philosophy of Numbers set out readings from names and birth dates. Juno Jordan and others built on her work, and the Irish palmist Cheiro popularised a rival system in Britain. There is no scientific evidence that these numbers predict personality or events, though many people find them a useful starting point for reflection.