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Divination

Bibliomancy

Also called Sortes Virgilianae, Sortes Biblicae, fal-e Hafez, book oracle

Opening a respected book at random and taking the first passage your eye or finger lands on as an answer to your question.

TraditionRoman and Christian European book-lots
RegionEurope and the Mediterranean
EraAntiquity to the 17th century
Moon◐ Any moon
DayMercury
ElementAir
Difficulty●○○ Simple
Time10 minutes

Tonight's moon is read when the page loads.

The working

  1. Sit quietly with the closed book in both hands.
  2. Say your question aloud or in your head, phrased as one clear sentence.
  3. Close your eyes and let the book fall open, or cut into the pages with your thumb.
  4. Without looking, set your fingertip or a pin on the page.
  5. Read the line under your finger, and the sentence around it.
  6. Write the passage down and note what it stirs in you before you decide what it means.

Take care: Choose a book that will not hurt you if it lands on a dark passage, and treat the answer as a prompt for thought, not a command.

Versions across time and place

i

Sortes Virgilianae

Roman and English · 2nd to 17th century

Romans consulted Virgil's Aeneid by random line, and the Historia Augusta says the young Hadrian drew a line foretelling his rise. During the English Civil War, Charles I at Oxford is said to have tried it on Lord Falkland's suggestion and drawn Dido's curse from Aeneid Book IV, later read as foretelling his fall.

Recorded in: Historia Augusta, Life of Hadrian 2.8; the Bodleian anecdote of Charles I
ii

Take up and read

Late antique Christian · 386 CE

Augustine says that, in a Milan garden, he heard a child chanting 'take up and read', opened Paul's letters and read the first passage he saw, Romans 13:13 to 14, and took it as the turning point of his conversion. Church councils later frowned on such sortes sanctorum, but the practice endured.

Recorded in: Augustine of Hippo, Confessions VIII.12
iii

Fal-e Hafez

Persian · 15th century to today

The Divan of the 14th-century poet Hafez of Shiraz is the most popular book oracle in the Persian-speaking world. The asker makes an intention, the book is opened at random and the ghazal found there is read as the answer, often among family on Yalda night, and street readers offer it beside his tomb in Shiraz.

Uses: Divan of Hafez

Recorded in: Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'Divination' and 'Fāl-nāma'

History

Drawing lots from verses is old. Romans used Homer and then Virgil, and the Historia Augusta, a 4th-century collection of imperial lives, has Hadrian consulting the Aeneid. Christians turned to the Bible, the sortes sanctorum, and although councils such as Agde in 506 condemned it, people kept opening Psalters and Gospels for guidance. The method needed only a respected book and was available to anyone who could read.

The best-known English story places Charles I in the Bodleian Library around 1642 to 1643, where a random Virgil line spoke of war and death; the details vary between tellers. In Iran the Divan of Hafez plays the same role and is still opened in homes and at his tomb. Encyclopaedia Iranica treats it as the leading Persian bibliomancy. Today the habit survives as a private, everyday practice.

Sources

  1. Sortes Vergilianae · Wikipedia
  2. Divination (Encyclopaedia Iranica) · Encyclopaedia Iranica
  3. Divan-i Hafiz (The collected works of Hafiz), c. 1600 · Royal Collection Trust

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