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Divination

Burning Nuts on Hallowe'en

Also called Nutcrack Night, nut-burning, Burns' nuts

Naming two nuts for a couple and setting them side by side on the fire on Hallowe'en. If they burn quietly together the match is good; if they jump apart, it is not.

TraditionScottish Hallowe'en love divination
RegionScotland
Era18th century
Moon◐ Any moon
DayVenus
ElementFire
Difficulty●○○ Simple
Time15 minutes

Tonight's moon is read when the page loads.

The working

  1. On Hallowe'en night, gather around a well-tended fire or fire pit.
  2. Name one nut for yourself and one for a sweetheart or hoped-for partner.
  3. Set the two nuts side by side on the edge of the hot embers with tongs.
  4. Watch quietly. Burning steadily together means a calm, lasting match.
  5. If one cracks and jumps away, the couple will part; a hissing, spitting pair means a stormy one.
  6. Let the fire burn the nuts down completely before leaving it.

Take care: Nuts can pop and throw hot shell. Stand back, use tongs, never use a closed fireplace with no screen, and watch for nut allergies among guests.

Versions across time and place

i

Burns' 'Halloween'

Ayrshire, Scotland · 1785

Burns's long poem lists the games of an Ayrshire Hallowe'en, with notes for readers. Couples set nuts on the fire; one pair burns together, another flies apart, and when Jean sets hers beside her sweetheart's, his flares up the chimney. Burns also describes pulling kale stalks, the blue-clue yarn and eating an apple at a mirror.

Uses: Hazelnuts, Peat fire

Recorded in: Robert Burns, 'Halloween', Kilmarnock Edition (1786)
ii

Nutcrack Night

Northern England · 18th to 19th century

In parts of northern England Hallowe'en was simply called Nutcrack Night, from the cracking of nuts and burning them in pairs. Brand and his later editors gathered descriptions of the same game from Scotland and Ireland.

Recorded in: John Brand, Observations on Popular Antiquities (1777, expanded by Henry Ellis 1813)
iii

Irish Hallowe'en tests

Rural Ireland · 1930s records

Irish schoolchildren in 1937 to 1939 wrote down Hallowe'en customs from their families, including nuts burned in pairs, a ring in the barmbrack, and the snap-apple. Nut-burning is presented as one game among many on the night.

Recorded in: National Folklore Collection, Schools' Collection (dúchas.ie)

History

Hallowe'en (31 October, the eve of All Saints) was in Scotland, Ireland and northern England a favorite night for love divination. Robert Burns wrote 'Halloween' in 1785 and printed it in the Kilmarnock Edition of 1786, with footnotes explaining each custom for readers outside Ayrshire. Burning nuts comes right at the start of the games he describes. Ministers sometimes disapproved, but the games stayed popular.

Antiquarians such as John Brand recorded the same game across Britain, and the north of England named the whole night for it. Irish children documented it in the 1930s Schools' Collection. Emigrants carried these games to North America, where nut-burning faded while apple-bobbing survived. The game needed only a fire and a pocketful of nuts, which made it one of the easiest Hallowe'en tests to keep. Its meaning was simple enough for children to learn and adults to tease each other with.

Sources

  1. Halloween (poem) · Wikipedia
  2. Alhallow Evin in Scotland · University of St Andrews Library collections, 2019
  3. Observations on Popular Antiquities · John Brand, 1777

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