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Saints & Devotions

The Agnus Dei Wax Medallion

Also called Agnus Dei, papal Agnus Dei, Lamb of God wax

A disc of blessed wax stamped with the Lamb of God, historically consecrated by the pope and kept by Catholics as a sacramental of protection, especially against storms, fire and the dangers of childbirth. The name also belongs to the Lamb of God prayer of the Mass, which these discs illustrate.

TraditionRoman Catholic, papal
RegionRome, Catholic Europe
Erac. 9th century to the 20th century
Moon◐ Any moon
DayAny
ElementSpirit
Difficulty●○○ Simple
TimeKept, not performed; a few minutes of prayer when used

Tonight's moon is read when the page loads.

The working

  1. Understand what it is: a sacramental, like holy water or blessed palms, whose meaning comes from the prayer of the Church and from Christ the Lamb of God, not from the wax itself.
  2. If you own an old Agnus Dei, keep it in its cloth cover or case. Papal bulls long forbade painting, gilding or otherwise altering genuine discs, so leave it as it is.
  3. Keep it in a place of prayer at home or wear it in its case on a cord, as Catholics did for centuries.
  4. In a storm, illness or a difficult birth, families would hold or place the Agnus Dei near them and pray. A simple form today is to pray the Lamb of God prayer from the Mass: Lamb of God, who take away the sins of the world, have mercy on us.
  5. Do not buy or sell blessed discs as protective goods. Old prohibitions treated trading in them as a serious abuse, and dealers often sell copies.
  6. If you cannot obtain one, the open alternative is the prayer itself, said at Mass or at home, or a blessed medal or crucifix that a priest can bless for you.

Take care: Treat genuine discs as blessed objects: no burning, melting or reselling. Beeswax is fragile, so keep it away from heat and sunlight. Be wary of sellers offering 'papal' discs as guaranteed protection.

Versions across time and place

i

The papal consecration

Papal liturgy, Rome · Medieval to 20th century

By 1907 the great blessing took place in the first year of each pontificate and every seventh year after. On the Wednesday of Easter week the pope dipped the discs into water mixed with chrism and balsam with consecratory prayers, and on the following Saturday placed packets of them in the inverted mitres of cardinals and bishops.

Recorded in: Herbert Thurston, Agnus Dei, Catholic Encyclopedia (1907)
ii

Gifts to rulers

Papal diplomacy · 14th century onward

Popes sent Agnus Deis as honored gifts. Pope Urban V sent one to the Byzantine emperor John Palaeologus in 1366 with a letter in verse describing its protective virtues. Large ornate discs from these gifts survive in church treasuries.

Recorded in: Herbert Thurston, Agnus Dei, Catholic Encyclopedia (1907)
iii

Recusant England

English Catholics under the penal laws · 16th to 17th century

Under Elizabeth I, Parliament in 1571 forbade bringing into England any tokens called Agnus Dei, along with crosses, pictures and beads blessed in Rome, under the penalties of praemunire, including imprisonment and loss of property. They were seen as badges of loyalty to the pope, yet English Catholics still smuggled and kept them.

Recorded in: Herbert Thurston, Agnus Dei, Catholic Encyclopedia (1907); statute 13 Eliz. c. 2 (1571)

History

Agnus Dei means Lamb of God, the title John the Baptist gives Jesus in the Gospel of John. The wax discs carry a lamb holding a cross or banner, and often the pope's name and arms on the back. Herbert Thurston, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia in 1907, called their origin obscure. He found frequent mention of them from the time of Amalarius around 820, and judged that the earliest certain surviving disc dates to Gregory XI around 1370. Wax from the previous year's paschal candle was traditionally part of the material.

They were prized as protection against storms, pestilence, fire, flood and the dangers of childbirth, always as a prayer of the Church rather than a charm. Popes guarded them closely, forbidding counterfeits and decoration. British Pathé filmed Pope John XXIII blessing Agnus Deis in 1959, but the solemn papal blessing is no longer a regular custom, and genuine discs now mostly come down through families, convents and church collections.

Sources

  1. Agnus Dei · Herbert Thurston, Catholic Encyclopedia, 1907
  2. Agnus Dei (Blessed Object) · Catholic Answers Encyclopedia
  3. Pope St John XXIII Blessing Agnus Deis · New Liturgical Movement, 2020

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