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Moon Rites

The Triple Moon Symbol

Also called triple goddess symbol, maiden mother crone symbol, triple crescent

A full moon flanked by a waxing and a waning crescent, used in modern Wicca and Paganism for the Triple Goddess as Maiden, Mother and Crone. The idea draws on ancient triple goddesses, but this form and meaning were shaped in the 20th century, above all by Robert Graves.

TraditionModern Wicca and Goddess spirituality
RegionBritain, United States, worldwide
EraMid-20th century to present
Moon○ Full moon
DayMonday · Moon
ElementWater
Difficulty●○○ Simple
Time30 minutes

Tonight's moon is read when the page loads.

The working

  1. Wait for a clear full moon night, or mark one each on the waxing crescent, the full moon and the waning crescent across a month.
  2. Set three candles in a row on a heatproof surface: white for the Maiden on the right, red for the Mother in the middle, black for the Crone on the left, matching the crescents of the symbol.
  3. Light the Maiden candle and name something new you are starting.
  4. Light the Mother candle and name something you are growing or caring for.
  5. Light the Crone candle and name something you are ready to finish or learn from.
  6. Look at the moon's reflection in the bowl, hold the pendant or drawing, and give thanks for each stage of life. Snuff the candles before you leave the room.

Take care: Use sturdy holders on a heatproof surface and never leave candles burning unattended or near curtains.

Versions across time and place

i

Graves's White Goddess

Literary mythography · 1948

Graves described a single moon goddess in three aspects and linked her to the phases of the moon, using several sets of names, from Maiden-Nymph-Hag to Mother-Bride-Layer-out. Maiden, Mother and Crone became the form most Pagans adopted.

Recorded in: Robert Graves, The White Goddess (1948)
ii

Hecate triformis

Ancient Greek and Roman religion · 5th century BCE onward

Hecate was shown as three figures back to back at crossroads. The philosopher Porphyry in the 3rd century CE linked her three forms to phases of the moon, one of the few ancient sources for a lunar triple goddess.

Recorded in: Wikipedia, Triple Goddess (Neopaganism)
iii

Gardnerian moon lore

British Traditional Wicca · 1950s

Early Wiccans drew on Graves and on earlier writers such as Jane Ellen Harrison. Over time the triple moon became a standard Wiccan and Pagan emblem, worn as jewelry and drawn on altars.

Recorded in: Wikipedia, Triple Goddess (Neopaganism)

History

Ancient religions had many groups of three goddesses, such as the three Fates and Hecate in triple form, but there is little ancient evidence for one goddess who was Maiden, Mother and Crone tied to the moon's phases. Classicist Jane Ellen Harrison and others in the early 20th century proposed a triple moon goddess, and the poet Robert Graves made the idea famous in The White Goddess, published in 1948, which most academics now regard as poetic mythmaking rather than history.

Historian Ronald Hutton has argued that the Maiden, Mother and Crone moon goddess is essentially a modern creation, drawn from Graves. Wicca, which went public in the 1950s, absorbed the idea, and the triple moon became a common Pagan symbol from the late 20th century. It is a meaningful modern symbol of life's cycles and the moon; it is simply not an ancient one.

Sources

  1. Triple Goddess (Neopaganism) · Wikipedia
  2. The White Goddess: A Historical Grammar of Poetic Myth · Robert Graves, 1948
  3. The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft · Ronald Hutton, 1999

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