Also called Star Festival, Qixi, Kikkōden, tanzaku wish
Tanabata is Japan's Star Festival on the seventh day of the seventh month, honouring the weaver Orihime and the herdsman Hikoboshi, lovers who meet once a year across the Milky Way. People write wishes on narrow paper strips called tanzaku and hang them on bamboo.
TraditionJapanese festival from the Chinese Qixi
RegionJapan, from China
Era8th century in Japan to present
Moon◐ Any moon
DayAny
ElementAir
Difficulty●○○ Simple
Time30 minutes on 7 July (or 7 August in some regions)
Tonight's moon is read when the page loads.
The working
On the evening of 7 July, or 7 August if you follow the older lunar timing, cut your paper strips.
Write one wish per strip. Traditionally wishes were for skill in weaving, sewing and writing; love, friendship and study wishes are all welcome now.
Punch a small hole at the top and tie each strip to the bamboo with thread.
After dark, find Vega (Orihime) and Altair (Hikoboshi) on either side of the Milky Way, high in the summer sky, and say your wishes quietly to them.
Leave the bamboo up overnight. The next day, take the strips to a shrine that collects them for ritual burning, or burn them safely yourself, rather than setting them in a river as was once done.
Take care: Do not put paper or plastic decorations into rivers; take them to a shrine or dispose of them responsibly. Burn strips only in a safe outdoor container.
Versions across time and place
i
Qixi: begging for skills
Chinese · Han dynasty onward
In China the seventh night of the seventh month honours Zhinü the weaver and Niulang the cowherd. Girls prayed for dexterity in needlework and for a good husband, and held contests threading needles by the glow of an ember or the half moon.
Uses: needles, thread
Recorded in: Wikipedia, 'Qixi Festival'
ii
Kikkōden at the Heian court
Japanese imperial court · 8th to 12th centuries
The Chinese festival arrived in Japan in the 8th century as Kikkōden, the festival of pleading for skills. Courtiers offered food, played music and wrote poems to the stars, and skewered offerings on gold and silver needles threaded with five-coloured string.
Uses: poems, five-coloured thread
Recorded in: Wikipedia, 'Tanabata'
iii
Sendai Tanabata
Modern regional festival · Edo period to present
Sendai keeps the festival on 6 to 8 August with giant paper streamers. In the Edo period Tanabata spread to ordinary people and the tanzaku custom grew, linked by some to the spread of writing lessons; wishes were once written as poems, sometimes in ink made with dew from taro leaves.
Uses: paper streamers
Recorded in: Wikipedia, 'Tanabata'
History
The story of the weaver and the herdsman is Chinese. The two stars, Vega and Altair, are lovers separated by the Milky Way who may cross on a bridge of magpies once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. The festival, called Qixi, was a day for young women to ask for skill in needlework and for a good marriage. It reached Japan in the 8th century, traditionally with Empress Kōken, as the court rite of Kikkōden.
In Japan it blended with a native tale of a weaving maiden, Tanabatatsume, and with Bon preparations. During the Edo period (1603 to 1868) it became a popular festival, and children wrote wishes on tanzaku hung from bamboo. After Japan adopted the Gregorian calendar most places moved it to 7 July, while Sendai and others keep it in August. It is a public festival that anyone may join, at home or at a local display.